Deformities of the face and jaw are the subject of care within orthognathic surgery, which falls under the field of maxillofacial surgery. The term orthognathic originates from the Greek word “orthos,” meaning straight, and “gnathos,” meaning jaw.
Thus, orthognathic surgery involves surgical corrections of deformities of the upper and lower jaw, as well as the bones of the face. These procedures are performed to correct and compensate for functional and aesthetic deficiencies.
HOW DO DEFORMITIES OF THE FACE AND JAW OCCUR?
Many are born with a protruding lower jaw (prognathism) or a poorly developed jaw (retrognathism). In patients with these defects, surgical procedures aim to establish a harmonious relationship among all facial parts.
Facial and jaw deformities can also result from trauma, such as sports injuries, traffic accidents, blunt object strikes, or significant falls. Work-related injuries can also affect the face and cause significant anomalies in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the face.
COOPERATION BETWEEN ORTHODONTICS AND ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
The relationship of the dental arches depends on the position of the jaws, which is why orthodontic treatment is a prerequisite for performing procedures in the field of orthognathic surgery.
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WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON DEFORMITIES OF THE FACE AND JAW?
The facial and jaw deformities that occur in the majority of patients include the following:
CHARACTERISTICS OF JAW ANOMALIES
Most of the listed jaw deformities are noticeable when viewing the face in profile. These irregularities are referred to as sagittal.
Crossbite and facial asymmetry are noticeable from the front and are considered transverse irregularities.
Many of these deformities have a genetic origin, and their expression varies in degree.
HOW DO JAW DISORDERS AFFECT THE BODY?
Pathological prominence of the upper or lower jaw typically disrupts normal functioning for patients. This is especially true for bite disorders, where breathing, feeding, swallowing, and speech are significantly impaired.
In patients diagnosed with mandibular or maxillary prognathism/retrognathism, the maxillofacial surgeon will correct the given irregularity.
The scope of the maxillofacial surgeon also includes other mentioned deformities.
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